TETRAOXOSULPHATE(VI)ACID

 

TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) ACID [H2SO4]

H2SO4 is a dibasic acid obtained by bubbling sulphur(IV)oxide through water. It is one of the heavy chemical known.

INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) ACID

Commercially, H2SO4 is prepared by the CONTACT PROCESS. The sulphur (IV)oxide for this process is obtained by burning sulphur in dry air or by roasting sulphide ores.

S + O2                      SO2

The sulphur (IV)oxide is then mixed with excess air and passed through electrostatic dust precipitating chamber to remove impurities and dust which might poison the catalyst. The mixture of sulphur(IV)oxide and air is then passed on to the reaction chamber where the sulphur (IV)oxide combines with oxygen in the presence of vanadium(V)oxide catalyst at a temperature of 450oC to yield sulphur(VI)oxide.

2SO2 + O2                                         2SO3

The sulphur(VI)oxide is cooled and passed into an absorption tower where it dissolves in concentrated H2SO4 to produce a very thick liquid called oleum.

SO3 + H2SO4                                     H2S2O7

The oleum is then diluted with a calculated amount of water to give H2SO4 of the required concentration.

H2S2O7 + H2O                        2H2SO4

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF H2SO4

1.       Concentrated H2SO4 is a colourless viscous liquid with a density of 1.84gcm-3

2.       It is very corrosive

3.       It turn blue litmus red

4.       Concentrated  H2SO4 is hydrophilic ( having strong affinity for water)

5.       Concentrated H2SO4 is also hygroscopic; absorbing water vapour from the surrounding and become more dilute in the process.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF H2SO4

  I.            AS AN ACID:

   i.            Reaction with metals- Dilute acid react with metal are above hydrogen in the electrochemical series to liberated hydrogen.

H2SO4 + Mg                     MgSO4 + H2

 ii.            With bases- Being a dibasic acid is neutralises alkalis to form two types of salts; hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (VI) [acid salt] and tetraoxosulphate (VI) [normal salt].

NaOH (limited supply) + H2SO4                       NaHSO4 + H2O

NaOH + H2SO4                       Na2SO4 + H2O

iii.            With trioxocarbonate(VI)- dilute acid liberates carbon(IV) oxide on reaction with trioxocarbonate(IV)

H2SO4 + CuCO3                  CuSO4 + H2O + CO2

  I.            AS AN OXIDIZING AGENT: It is a strong oxidizing agent. It oxidizes both metals and non-metals by accepting electrons from them and itself is reduced to trioxosulphate(IV) acid or sulphur (IV) oxides. e.g.  Zn + 2H2SO4                                    ZNSO4 + 2H2O + SO2

C + 2H2SO4                                   CO2 + 2H2O + SO2

S + H2SO2                                      3SO2 + 2H2O

II.            AS A DEHYDRATING AGENT: Conc. H2SO4 is a dehydrating agents. It has strong affinity for water and is able to remove water from compounds like sugar, ethanol, methanoic acid and ethanedioc acid.

C12H22O11 + H2SO4              (-H20)                            12C

HCOOH + H2SO4                       (-H2O)                              CO

Dehydrating affects the chemical composition of a compound while drying does not

III.            DISPLACEMENT OF OTHER ACIDS FROM THEIR SALTS: The acids displaces volatile acids from their salts e.g.

KCl + H2SO4                                KHSO4 + HCl

NaNO3 + H2SO4                       NaHSO4 + HNO3

Na2CO3 + H2SO4                        Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2

USES OF H2SO4

  I.            Used in the production of fertilizer.

II.            It is used in the manufacture of pigment for paints and dyes.

III.            Used for making natural and artificial fabric and plastic

IV.            Used in the purification of crude oil to remove waxes, gums and many dark coloured compounds.

V.            Used as drying agent for many gases except NH3 and H2S.

VI.            Used as an electrolyte in lead accumulator and batteries

VII.            Used in the extraction of metal by electrolysis

VIII.            Used in the manufacture of soap and detergents

IX.            Used in the preparation of  many important chemical compound such as HCl and H2SO4 acid, metallic tetraoxosulphate (VI) and other.

X.            Used as a dehydrating agent in the nitration of compounds used in making explosives.

 

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