HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

 

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

Hydrogen chloride is an hydride compound of chlorine which exists as a gas at s.t.p. It dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen chloride was first prepared by Priestly in 1772.

LABORATORY PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

Hydrogen chloride is prepared in the laboratory by the action of concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid on sodium chloride.

Put some sodium chloride in a round bottom flask. Add concentrated H2SO4 through a thistle funnel and heat the mixture gently. The gas is dried by passing it through concentrated H2SO4 and it is collected by downward delivery.

2NaCl(s) + H2SO4(aq)                         Na2SO4 +  2HCl(g)

INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

Hydrogen chloride is prepared in large amount by the direct combination of hydrogen and chlorine gases obtained from the electrolysis of brine.

H2(g)  +  Cl2(g)               2HCl(g)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

1.       Pure hydrogen chloride is a colourless gas with a sharp irritating smell.

2.       It is slightly denser than air.

3.       It turns moist blue litmus paper red; showing that it is an acidic gas.

4.       It is very soluble in water, forming an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid.

5.       It fumes strongly in moist air, forming droplets of hydrochloric acid.

6.       Hydrogen chloride does not burn or support combustion.

7.       Dry hydrogen chlorine dissolves readily in non-polar solvents like chloroform and toluene, but does not ionize as it does in polar solvent.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDES

1.       REACTION WITH AMMONIA: Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with ammonia gas to form a dense white fumes of solid ammonium chloride.

HCl(g) + NH3(g)                    NH4Cl(g)

2.       REACTION WITH METALS: Hydrogen chloride gas on heating react with many metals, forming the corresponding chlorides and hydrogen.

Zn(s)  + 2HCl(g)                    ZnCl2(g)   +  H2(g)

TEST FOR HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

1.       With ammonia: Hydrogen chloride produces dense white fumes in the presence of ammonia and this consists of suspended particles of ammonia chloride.

AgNO3(aq)  +  HCl(aq)                          AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

Lead  (II) trioxonitrate (V) can be used in place of silver trioxonitrate (V).

USES OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

1.       Hydrogen chloride gas is used in the manufacture of chloroethene.

2.       Hydrochloric acid is used in the manufacture of textiles and dyes.

3.       Hydrochloric acid is used in the manufacture of gelatin and glue from tendous of animal and in the hydrolysis of starch.

4.       Hydrochloric acid is used in pickling i.e removal of oxides from metals before electroplating.

5.       Hydrochloric acid in the laboratory is used for the testing , analysis and preparation of other compounds.

 

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