INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY- II

 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY – II

-Division of chemical industries and their uses.

Since the chemical industry produces a variety of products, it is useful to classify the industries on the basics of its products. We have chemical industries which produces:

I.                     basic chemicals such as acid, alkalis, salt and organic chemicals

II.                    chemical products that are used in manufacture of artificial fibres and plastics.

III.                  Chemical products used as a starting materials in other industries that manufacture substances such as paints, fertilizers and explosives.

IV.                  Chemical products such as cosmetics, drugs and soap for our personal use

Examples of chemical industries according to their products are as follow:

Heavy chemical: These are chemicals which are made in very large quantities. These chemicals are essential to all branches of the industry and are in high demand. E.g H2SO4, HNO3, NH3, NaOH

Characteristics of heavy chemical

I.  Produced on a large scale II. It is required by many industries as a raw materials  III. it is high demand by other industries.

Fine chemicals: These are chemicals produced in small quantities, because they are manufactured for specific industrial and domestic purposes. They are also produced to a very high degree of purity e.g dye stuff, pigment for paint etc.

Fertilizer : Fertilizer are needed to increase crop yield to feed the world rapidly increasing population. Three important elements have to be provided in suitable form in fertilizers. They are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The fertilizer industries also produces pesticides, herbicides, fungicides etc

Metallurgy : This is the science of extracting metal from their ores and treating them to improve their quality and texture in order to meet specific needs.

Plastics: The four main sources of raw materials for the plastic and synthetic organic chemical industries were coal, limestone, cellulose and molasses. Nowadays starting materials are obtained by the fractional distillation of crude oil or petroleum.

The plastic industry is divided into four categories- bags, household and kitchen wares, industrial plastic supplies and miscellaneous items. The industrial plastic supplies cover items such as casing for radios, cassette recorder and Tv sets, pvc pipes etc. The miscellaneous item includes precision moulding of plastics to produce gears and bobbin for digital clocks, rollers, hubs and clamp for audio and video cassettes.

Ceramics : The arts of processing earthy materials into useful or ornamental objects through the application of high heat is known as ceramics. In recent years, the raw materials used are silica and oxides of Mg, Al, Zr, Ti and B.

Pharmaceuticals: Most pharmaceutical drugs are organic compound (from plants and animals) although some inorganic compounds are used as drug e.g. bismuth trioxocarbonate (iv) is used to cure stomach disorder, mercury (i) chloride is used as purgative. The organic compound include insulin for treatment of diabetes, quinine for treatment of malaria.

Paint: Paint is a fluid mixture which contain suspended colouring materials. The main use of paints is for decoration, and protection against weather and corrosion.

Cement : Cement is made by heating a mixture of powder lime (calcium oxide) and clay and grinding the product by strong heating. Cement is mainly used as a component of concrete.

ASSIGNMENT

State four effects of a chemical industry on the community in which it is sited

Solution

I. Improvement in the standard of living II. Employment opportunities III. Development in the community IV. Pollution (air, water, land etc) 

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