DAM AND ENERGY PRODUCTION

TOPIC: - DAMS AND ENERGY PRODUCTION

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: -   A chart showing dams.

REFERENCES BOOK: -    

1.     FARINDE O. E e tal, ESSENTIAL PHYSICS FOR SSS, Tonad Publishing Limited.

2.     M. W. ANYAKOHA (2011), NEW SCHOOL PHYSICS FOR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS, Africana first publishers.   

3.     INTERNET

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: -     Students have been taught renewable and non-renewable energy source

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES: - At the end of the lesson students should be able to: -

1.       Explain dam and state the purpose for which dams are created

2.       State some states where dam is located in Nigeria and state their purpose.

3.       Explain how electricity is made from dam

CONTENT: -

DAMS AND ENERGY PRODUCTION

A dam is a man-made structure built across a river. It is built to control water through placement of a blockage of earth rock and or concrete across a stream of river. Dam are usually constructed to store water in a reservoir (an artificial lake for storing water behind a dam) which is used for a variety of application.

PURPOSE FOR WHICH DAMS ARE CREATED

1.       To supply water for irrigation.

2.       To control flood.

3.       To generate hydro-electric power.

4.       For river navigation

5.       Used for water supply

NEGATIVE EFFECT FROM A DAM

1.       Upstream flooding that destroys animals, plants, ecosystem and property.

2.       Downstream alteration of terrain, ecosystem , plant and wildlife.

3.       Impending fish migration.

4.       Killing fish that pass through turbines.

LIST OF DAM IN NIGERIA

The dams in Nigeria are often used for farming activities, e.g. irrigation, power generation, portable water supply. Dams are very important to the economy of Nigeria most especially in the Northern part of Nigeria where annually rainfall is low.                   

Dams for irrigation purpose in Nigeria.

State	Name
Sokoto	Bakolori dam; Goronyo dam
Bauchi	Kafin Zaki dam (planned)
Adamawa	Kiri dam
Kebbi	Zauro polder project

Dams for water supply in Nigeria

State	Name
Osun	Ede Erinle Reservoir ; Ikare Gorge dam
Oyo	Asejire Reservoir
Kano	Challawa Gorge dam
Gombe	Dadin Kowa dam
Kastina	Zobe dam

PRINCIPLE OF PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM A DAM

Hydroelectric power is produced as water passes through a dam and into a river below. The more water that passes through a dam and into a river below . The  more energy is produced. Once a dam is built a reservoir is created behind the dam.

Through small opening, water falls. This falling water does the work of turning the turbine as it hits it; and the turbine rotates, as a result of this. Through a gear system or fan belt, a dynamo (electric generator) at the same time rotates (the magnet spin over the metal coil). This generates or produces electricity which can be transmitted through electric cable to residential area. The electricity produced by the transformation of the mechanical energy of water to electric energy is known as hydroelectricity.

TYPES OF ENERGY PRODUCTION

Energy source can be classified into two types:

1.       Renewable Energy Resources: are those that can be continually replenished as they are used up. They can be continually replenished as they exploited and utilized. Examples are solar energy, wind energy, water energy, biomass, tidal power and biofuel.

2.       Non-Renewable Energy resources: are those that cannot be replenished as they are used up. Example are nuclear energy from radioactive materials, petroleum and natural gas; coal and wood, others fuels that are classified as fossil fuel.

USES OF ENERGY

Utilization energy have been felt in the development of the human society. In most countries, the development of energy resources has become important in the vital area of use such as : agriculture; all form of transportation; waste collection and recycling; communication, electricity supply etc.

Energy is of extreme importance in the development of any society to function. Develop countries are those whose energy resources are being put into efficient and maximum use in improving the social and economic life of their society.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ENERGY USE

The use of energy resources in running factories, transportation, domestically has great effect in the environment. Burning of fossil fuel has generates air pollutants including carbon (II) oxides, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen while fossils fuel used to generate electricity also releases trace metals like copper, mercury, chromium, beryllium, cadmium, nickel, silver etc. into the environment.

The global implications of the various forms of pollution being introduce into the atmosphere includes: acid rain, green house effect, global warming and oil spillage.

ENERGY CRISIS

Since the demand of energy is at increasing rate, supply of energy is therefore far less than the actual demand. Energy crisis can occur in the following way:

·         Monopoly manipulation of market

·         Industrial action by union (e.g strike by tanker driver)

·         Vedalisation of pipelines

·         Financial mismanagement

·         Shortage in supply or increasing in demand

·         Bottleneck at refineries and port facilities

PRESENTATION

Step I: The teacher explains dams and state the purpose of their creation.

Step II: The teacher mentions states where dams were located in Nigeria

Step III: The students chorus places where dam are located.

Step IV: The teacher explains principle of production of electricity from dam.

Step V: The teacher explains environmental impact of energy use

EVALUATION

·         Explain dam and state the purpose for which dams are created

·         State some states where dam is located in Nigeria and state their purpose

·         Explain how electricity is made from dam.

ASSIGNMENT

Mention and explain two other ways electricity can be generated different from hydro-electric power generation.